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2016, HH was operating in Fukuoka, Osaka, and Tokyo and had become financially self-sustaining,
               reporting $2.4 million in revenue. At that time, it employed 26 staff members, 9 of whom were

               formerly incarcerated.

               As the business stabilized, some employees left to establish similar enterprises in other Japanese
               cities.  HH’s  success  stands  as  a  powerful  testament  to  the  potential  of  social  businesses  to
               dismantle  employment  barriers  for  marginalized populations  and  prove  that  redemption  and
               reintegration are achievable through meaningful work (Preedee Boonsue, 2018).


               5.3.5 Litalico Inc (Japan)
               Litalico Inc was founded in 2005 by Atsumi Hasegawa with a vision to build a society free of
               barriers for people with disabilities. The enterprise emerged in response to Japan’s evolving legal

               framework, which increasingly recognized the rights of persons  with disabilities through anti-
               discrimination legislation and its commitment to the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with
               Disabilities  (CRPD).  In  Japan,  people  with disabilities  continue  to  face  significant  obstacles to
               employment.  Litalico  addresses  this  gap  by  offering  personalized  vocational  training  and
               employment  placement  services,  helping  participants  build  both  practical  skills  and  the
               confidence needed to thrive in the workforce (LITALICO, n.d.) 122 .

               Litalico operates a variety of programs designed to meet different needs, including:


               1.  LITALICO  Works  –  Employment  support  services  for  individuals  with  disabilities,  offering
                   tailored career training and job-matching assistance.
               2.  LITALICO  Junior  –  A  tutoring  program  for  children  with  disabilities  or  developmental
                   challenges, focusing on social skill development and individualized educational support.
               3.  LITALICO Wonder – A hands-on creative learning initiative that fosters innovation through
                   activities in IT and digital making.
               4.  LITALICO Developmental Navi – An online portal and community resource offering guidance
                   and information for families of children with developmental disabilities.
               5.  LITALICO Work Navi – A job information platform that connects individuals with disabilities to

                   employment opportunities, resources, and support networks (Press Release Japan, 2017).
               Despite Litalico’s strong contributions to disability employment and its role as a model social
               enterprise,  it  faces  ongoing  challenges  in  gaining  public  recognition  and  understanding of  its
               mission.  Social  enterprises  like  Litalico  remain  relatively  misunderstood  in  Japan  due  to  the
               absence of legal frameworks that clearly define and support such entities. As a result, the public
               often  confuses  them  with  charitable  foundations  or  nonprofit  organizations.  Nevertheless,
               Litalico continues to receive financial support through Japan’s Services and Supports for Persons



               122  From Vision, by LITALICO, n.d., retrieved on February 14, 2025, (https://litalico.co.jp/en/company)
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