Page 269 - Social Enterprise A New Business Paradigm for Thailand

practices among listed companies by building internal capacity and promoting the effective
development and implementation of CSR initiatives.

Box 9.1:
The Years in Which Key Terms from CSR to SDG Were Officially Introduced to the Public

• CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) – Coined by an American economist Howard
Bowen, known as the “Father of CSR,” in his 1953 book The Social Responsibilities of the
Businessman.
• SD (Sustainable Development) – First discussed at the UN Conference on the Human
Environment, but gained wide use after the 1987 UN report Our Common Future
(Brundtland Report). Officially defined there, it became globally recognized after the 1992
Earth Summit (UNCED).
• Pyramid of CSR – Developed by Professor Archie B. Carroll and introduced in his 1991
article The Pyramid for Corporate Social Responsibility: Toward the Moral Management
of Organizational Stakeholders.
• MDGs (Millennium Development Goals) – Established at the 2000 UN Millennium
Summit: eight international goals set within a 15-year timeframe (2000–2015).
• ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) – First formally introduced in the 2004 UN
Global Compact report Who Cares Wins.
• SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) – Successor to the MDGs, launched in September
2015. Comprise 17 goals to be achieved over 15 years (2015–2030).

In 2012, the Corporate Social Responsibility Institute developed two foundational documents:
the Guidelines for Corporate Social Responsibility and the Guidelines for Sustainability
Reporting. These documents provided companies with a clearer framework for communicating
their social responsibility initiatives. They also served as a signal, particularly for publicly listed
companies, that sustainability reporting would become increasingly important and eventually
a standard component of corporate disclosures.

Efforts to deepen and expand meaningful CSR practices continued. In 2013, the Securities and

Exchange Commission (SEC) supported the Thaipat Institute in developing a benchmarking
index to assess CSR and anti-corruption performance among listed companies. This was the first
such index in Thailand, featuring indicators that ranged from level 0 to level 5. Companies could
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