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3.5 Social Enterprises in ASEAN ................................................................................................ 91
3.6 Conclusion and Discussion .................................................................................................. 94
Chapter 4 The Ecosystem of Social Enterprises ............................................................................ 99
4.1 Social Business Ecosystem ................................................................................................ 100
4.2 Upstream Segment for Support Social Enterprises ........................................................... 103
4.3 Midstream Incubators and Support Organizations for SE................................................. 115
4.4 The Role of the State ......................................................................................................... 116
4.5 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 118
Chapter 5 Prototypes and Social Business Models: .................................................................... 120
5.1 Social Business Prototype: Grameen Bank ....................................................................... 121
5.2 Social Business Operating in Developing Countries .......................................................... 132
5.3Social Enterprises in Developed Countries ........................................................................ 138
5.4 Key Success Factors of Social Enterprises ......................................................................... 142
5.5 Summary ........................................................................................................................... 144
Chapter 6 Public Organizations and Social Enterprises in Thailand:
Legal Developments and Business Incentives .......................................................................... 145
6.1 Non-profit or Non-Revenue-Sharing Organizations .......................................................... 146
6.2 Organizations Established for the Shared Benefit of Members ........................................ 150
6.3 Organizations That Operate for Profit or Revenue Sharing .............................................. 156
6.4 Social Enterprise Promotion Law ...................................................................................... 158
6.5 Summary and Discussion .................................................................................................. 170
Chapter 7 ..................................................................................................................................... 177
The Social Enterprise Ecosystem in Thailand .............................................................................. 177
7.1 Financial Instruments for Social Enterprises ..................................................................... 178
7.2 Funding Sources for Social Enterprises in Thailand .......................................................... 181
7.3 Intermediary Organizations .............................................................................................. 185
7.4Partners of Social Enterprises ............................................................................................ 190
7.5Choosing Whether or Not to Register as a Social Enterprise ............................................ 190
7.6 The “Wind Beneath the Wings” Model in Thailand’s Social Enterprise Ecosystem .......... 194
7.7 Case Study: Financial Efficiency of a Fully Supported Social Enterprise Business Model . 198
