Page 134 - Social Enterprise A New Business Paradigm for Thailand

the form of donations, investments, loans, or mutual funds for social businesses. It may also
involve the provision of tools or equipment, such as access to operational platforms or

crowdfunding platforms made available to small-scale social businesses or social business
incubators; (2) the midstream segment, which includes social businesses and non-profit
organizations that act as intermediaries between funders and downstream social businesses.
These organizations often provide training and consulting services, and in some cases, specialized
impact assessment services for major donors and recipient organizations; and (3) the
downstream segment, which is composed of various types of social businesses that implement
operations using the resources received. It also includes customers and consumers who engage
with the final products or services (as shown in Figure 4.1).
A summary of this ecosystem is illustrated in Figure 4.1: The Social Business Ecosystem.

Public Infrastructure

Government State
Funds Enterprises
Upstream Donations Funding NGOs
Sources
Social Funds
Banks
Corporate Stock
CSR Market

Public Enterprises
State
Organizations
Midstream Associations Intermediaries NGOs
Incubation

Government CSR Units Social Universities Communities
Units Enterprises
Research
NGOs
Promotion and Allies/ Institutions
Regulatory Partners
Bodies Consulting
CSR
Firms
Various Ministries, Bureaus, Academic
Departments
Cooperatives Limited Institutions
Downstream Foundations SE Enterprises
Companies
Community
Enterprises
Social
Enterprises

Customers and Consumers

Source: Compiled by the researcher.

Additionally, government agencies may act as regulatory bodies overseeing the entire value chain,
from upstream to downstream, or serve as support entities dedicated to promoting social

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