Page 62 - Social Enterprise A New Business Paradigm for Thailand

Figure 2.2 The Evolution of Social and Academic Phenomena and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
from 1970 Onward

The Evolution of Social and The Philanthropy Institutional Response
Academic Phenomena Movement
The Early Era of
Institutional Response
The concept of CSR began expanding beyond 1970
labor welfare toward broader social roles; 1971 The Committee for Economic Development
shifting public expectations—driven by media (CED) in the U.S. proposed the idea of a
and adoption by select companies—reshaped “social contract” that businesses must uphold
how CSR was practiced in business
1979 The U.S. government established the
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)
The Era of Environmental
Bill Drayton founded Ashoka Innovators for 1980 Globalization
the Public, advancing the role of social 1981 Establishment of the World Commission on
entrepreneurs Environment and Development (WCED)
Muhammad Yunus established Grameen Bank 1983
for the poor
Scope expanded to include environmental The concept of Sustainable Development
responsibility and fairness to laborers and gained traction; it influenced how companies
consumers approached long-term business strategy
1986 Publication of Our Common Future by the
Chernobyl nuclear power plant explosion 1987 Brundtland Commission (Brundtland Report)
Montreal Protocol signed to regulate ozone-
depleting substances
1988 Formation of the Intergovernmental Panel on
1989
The Exxon Valdez oil spill Climate Change (IPCC)
The Globalization Era
of CSR
Carroll proposed the Pyramid of CSR for 1991
corporate governance CSR concept framed as a trade-off between The United Nations Conference “The Earth
profit and societal expectations 1992 Summit” held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Elkington introduced the Triple Bottom Line 1994 Coalition of 51 companies issued the Business
(TBL) concept—People, Planet, Profit (PPP) for Social Responsibility declaration
Launch of Agenda 21 action plan on
Muhammad Yunus published the book 1996 sustainable development
Banker to the Poor
The Strategic CSR Era
UN Global Compact
2000 UN launched in partnership with 44
Large corporations began viewing CSR as a multinational corporations, 6 business
strategic tool to manage and deliver shared associations, labor organizations, and health
value to society institutions
2001 2001 EC announced the European Framework for
EC’s conferences: What is CSR (Brussels), Why CSR
CSR (Helsinki), and Promoting CSR (Venice)
held between 2001–2004
2004 2004 Legislation enacted to support social
enterprises in the United Kingdom
2006 Muhammad Yunus awarded the Nobel Peace
2008 Heightened interest in social enterprise Prize
Global economic crisis
The Giving Pledge launched 2010 Legal recognition of Public Benefit
CorporationsISO 26000 guidelines for social
responsibility issued
2011
EU CSR Strategy introduced
2015 Adoption of the Sustainable Development
Muhammad Yunus published A World of 2017 Goals (SDGs) as a global framework
Three Zeros

Source: Compiled by the researcher

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